Issue 3 (December)

Background:

We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the impact of gastrectomy versus endoscopic submucosal dissection for early stomach cancer.

There are-now-a-variety-of-viewpoints-on-gastrectomy-versus-endoscopic-submucosal-dissection-for-early-stomach-cancer,-and-there-are-not-many-thorough-assessments-that-are-pertinent.

Methods:

A-systematic-literature-search-up-to-July-2022-was-performed-and-2456-related-studies-were-evaluated.-The-chosen-studies-comprised-15461-early-stomach-cancer-subjects-who-participated-in-the-selected-studies'-baseline-trials;-6503-of-them-used-the-endoscopic-submucosal-dissection, while 8958 used gastrectomy. Odds ratio (OR), and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the effect of the gastrectomy versus endoscopic submucosal dissection for early stomach cancer by the dichotomous, and contentious methods with a random or fixed effect model.

Results:

The use of endoscopic submucosal dissection resulted in significantly lower 5-year overall survivals (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.45-0.77, p<0.001), lower the 5-year overall survival in propensity score-matched patients (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.41-0.59, p<0.001), higher recurrences (OR, 6.99; 95% CI, 5,03-9.70, p<0.001), and higher synchronous lesion (OR, 7.24; 95% CI, 2.78-18.83, p<0.001), and higher metachronous lesion (OR,10.05; 95% CI, 6.44-15.67, p<0.001) compared to the gastrectomy for early stomach cancer.

However, no significant difference was found between submucosal dissection and gastrectomy for early stomach cancer in recurrence-free survival (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.54-1.00, p=0.05), disease-free survival (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.16-1.16, p=0.10), and disease-specific survival (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.38-2.89, p=0.92).

Conclusions:

The use of endoscopic submucosal dissection resulted in significantly lower 5-year overall survival, lower 5-year overall survival in propensity score-matched patients, higher recurrences, higher-synchronous lesion, and higher metachronous lesion, however, no significant difference was found in recurrence-free survival, disease-free survival, and disease-specific survival compared to the gastrectomy for early stomach cancer. The small number of studies in several comparisons calls for care when analyzing the results.

Background:

A meta-analysis investigation was executed to measure the wound complications (WCs) frequency in minor technique gastrectomy (MTG) compared to open gastrectomy (OG) for gastric cancer (GC).

Methods:

A comprehensive literature inspection till February 2023 was applied and 2078 interrelated investigations were reviewed. The 17 chosen investigations enclosed 12746 individuals with GC were in the chosen investigations' starting point, 3052 of them were utilizing robotic gastrectomy (RG), 6603 of them were utilizing laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) and 3091 were utilizing OG. Odds ratio (OR) in addition to 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were utilized to compute the value of the WCs frequency in MTG compared to OG for GC by the dichotomous approaches and a fixed or random model.

Results:

No significant difference was found in surgical site wound infection (SSWI) between RG and OG (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 0.89-2.35, p=0.13), LG and OG (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.47-1.18, p=0.21), and RG and LG (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.72-1.60, p=0.73) in individuals with GC.

Conclusions:

No significant difference was found in SSWI between RG, OG, and LG in individuals with GC. However, care must be exercised when dealing with its values because of the low number of nominated in the meta-analysis and the low sample size of some of the nominated investigations for the meta-analysis.

Background:

The objective of this research endeavor was to assess the effects of rosiglitazone (RSG) and ursolic acid (UA) on hepatic insulin signaling indicators and inflammatory marker concentrations in C57/BL/6J mice that were provided with a high-fat diet (HFD).

Methods:

C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD for 16 weeks and orally administered UA (5 mg/kg BW), RSG (4 mg/kg BW), and UA (5 mg/kg BW) + RSG (4 mg/kg BW) for the last 6 weeks.

Results:

The HFD groups showed a significant increase in leptin, TNF-α, and IL-6, whereas adiponection level significantly decreased. The expression of insulin signaling markers in the liver also significantly increased in HFD mice.

Conclusions:

Combination treatment improves above said parameters than individual parameters. These data suggest that combination treatment (UA with RSG) has potential benefits for the treatment of HFD-induced insulin resistance, and its effects may be associated with improvements in the inhibition of the expression of inflammatory markers in plasma and liver.

Abstract:

Background:

As a result of the availability of high-speed computing devices, disease screening procedures in modern hospitals have significantly improved over the last few decades. As a result of this invention of deep learning procedures (DP), this work implemented modern diagnostic schemes to achieve accurate and fast results when screening patients for diseases with the aid of medical data.

Method:

This study applied pre-trained DP to detect Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFU) from the test images. This work consists following stages; (i) Resizing, augmenting, and enhancing images, (ii) deep-features mining with a chosen DP, (iii) features reduction using 50% dropout and serial features-fusion, and (iv) Binary-classification through five-fold cross-validation. Two types of disease detection procedures implemented during the investigation: (a) Conventional deep-features and (b) fused deep-features (FD).

Result:

As a result of this study, the FD obtained with VGG16 and ResNet101 enabled 99.5% accuracy in DFU detection using SoftMax classifier.

Conclusion:

This demonstration confirmed that the proposed scheme is effective in detecting DFU from the chosen database.

Background: 

The world is facing a terrible challenge to overcome the COVID-19 global outbreak. The spread of COVID-19 pandemic disease has put global health, life and work style, social and economic growth at high risk. The current study was aimed at extracting COVID-19 related information, attitudes and behaviors commitment level from the general population and healthcare workers in the central region of Egypt.

Method: 

A cross-sectional online survey of 1312 Egyptian residents was conducted between 11^th May and 15^th June 2020. A questionnaire containing 28 knowledge and 56 attitude items was completed by all the participants. Stratified random sampling was applied to select the study participants. In this analysis, data was collected using a questionnaire that was developed and validated. The questionnaire included demographic variables and items relating to COVID-19 awareness, attitudes and practices. Descriptive and inferential experiments were carried out.

Results: 

In total, 1312 participants completed the questionnaire; 80.2% of the participants have good knowledge about different modes of transmission of COVID-19, 5.6% obtain their knowledge from WHO website and 60.5% from multiple sources. The results showed positive attitude from the participants towards COVID-19 protective measures as 81.0% wearing masks, 85.2% washing their hands, 76.6% using alcohol and hand gel hygiene, and 64.5% using surface disinfectants.

Conclusion: 

The findings highlight the value of clear communications from health authorities and the government, as well as the need for targeted health education programs to promote awareness, behaviors and practice levels.