Issue 6 (December)

Obese people are susceptible to health complications and diseases, such as cardiovascular disorders, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, osteoarthritis, gallstone, hypoxia, certain cancers and even mental and intellectual and disabilities. Bariatric surgery is a prevalent weight loss approach, predominantly in situations where prior efforts towards weight reduction proved ineffective. It engages a modification in the digestive system by limiting food consumption, leading to decreased stomach capacity and physiological ability for nutrient absorption. Since obesity associates with morbidity, the pre, intra and post-operative care and post-discharge rehabilitation comprise key determining factors for a successful bariatric surgery. The process may involve short- and long-term recuperation in nursing homes and hospitals, which accord significant impact on patient’s well-being and psychology. Nursing care for these individuals with unique physiological and emotional problems is often an arduous task, requiring environmental modifications, mobility training facilities and bariatric program and care-related equipment. Special attention is required from nursing professionals towards minimum fall and injury, management of related problems, including arterial venous insufficiency, neuropathic ulcers, seromas, anastomotic leaks, abdominal wound dehiscence and post-surgery complications, together with increased hygiene and skin care. Through an interdisciplinary approach, regular monitoring of diet, nutritional parameters, including weight change, Body Mass Index, energy and protein requirement, medication, clinical complications, functional mobility, psychosocial issues, etc. can be essential. Overall, the current review enlightens the importance of bariatric surgery, and particularly offers critical assessment of nursing care systems and specialized rehabilitation services addressing physical and mental health care in obese and post-operative patients.

On March 11, 2020, the WHO declared the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to be a worldwide pandemic. This pandemic has significant repercussions on the pharmaceutical industry and the health market. These effects could manifest in the short or long term and require planning and detection to lessen their socioeconomic cost.

This brief communication research evaluated the COVID-19 pharmaceutical market problem and discussed the immediate and long-term effects of the pandemic on the pharmaceutical industry.

Demand adjustments, regulatory changes, modifications to the research and development process, and a move toward telemedicine and telecommunication are some of the short-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic may have long-term effects on the pharmaceutical industry at both the global and local levels, including a slowdown in industry growth, delays in approvals, a shift toward self-sufficiency in the pharmaceutical production supply chain, changes in consumer trends for health-market products, and ethical quandaries.

The discovery of these consequences may help policymakers create more evidence-based plans to address the issues that the COVID-19 pandemic presents to the pharmaceutical industry and other health markets.

A novel approach to offering stroke survivors rehabilitation services is telerehabilitation. Providing mainstream therapies for mobility, cognitive, speech and language, and other problems is a promising strategy. Information and communication technologies and stroke therapies are the two main pillars of telerehabilitation. Information and communication technology offer a platform for the delivery of therapies, which in turn leads to stroke recovery. We discussed stroke therapies that can be provided using telerehabilitation platforms in this mini-review, along with aspects of information and communication technologies that support telerehabilitation. Next, we looked at how telerehabilitation affected different types of stroke. According to the majority of research, telerehabilitation is a practical and efficient way to provide patients with interventions. With the same dosage and level of intensity, it is not less effective than standard care and in-clinic therapy. For certain illnesses, telerehabilitation may be more effective than standard care thanks to new technologies. However, telerehabilitation has a number of drawbacks that may make it less effective than traditional rehabilitation. At the conclusion, we talked about the main issues with telerehabilitation, potential fixes, and future paths for the field's growth.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a common liver disease, and the incidence increases year by year. The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is correlated with insulin resistance and oxidative stress, which induces varied inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, etc). Different signal transductions, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor κB, activated protein kinase, Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B, toll-like receptor, were activated by the pathogenic factors to regulate correlative reactions. Thus, an in-depth study of the signal transductions will probably provide new suitable solutions for the prevention and therapy of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Synopsis In a hyperbaric chamber pressurized to more than one atmosphere, 100% oxygen is inhaled as part of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Several indications for this treatment, such as decompression sickness, carbon monoxide poisoning, serious burns, or chronic infections, have been approved. Based mainly on enhancing oxygen availability to injured brain cells with potential for recovery, especially in the event of a chronic injury, hyperbaric oxygen has been researched in the context of cerebral palsy. There is little data on hyperbaric oxygen in cerebral palsy due to methodological issues, lack of control groups, and precision. The results of three randomized controlled trials show that hyperbaric oxygen does not improve large motor skills compared to controls that used a waiting list or slightly pressurized room air. However, the nature of the power (pressurized room air, for example) and the small number of patients examined make these conclusions debatable. Although bias in their methodology limits observational before-and-after studies, they do raise interest in hyperbaric oxygen for cerebral palsy. Some bad effects of hyperbaric oxygen are middle ear barotrauma, which usually needs a myringotomy and tube insertion and a higher risk of seizures. Hyperbaric oxygen's use in cerebral palsy is still debatable.