Background: The aim is to present an electronic CPR calculator combined with CDSS (clinical decision support system) as a safer and faster method for CPR calculation than manual calculation.

Methods: A group of 70 nurses were randomly selected to calculate a CPR card and then enter the patient data into the CPR calculator. The time needed to complete the calculations and the time needed to enter patient information into the CPR calculator were measured. In addition, the number of medication calculation errors were recorded.

Result: The time to finish the CPR card manually was 00:08:31 minutes and the time to generate the CPR card electronically was 00:01:15. The number of nurses who made errors in manual calculation was 23, the total number of errors was 101. There were no errors with the calculator.

Conclusion: The CPR calculator has provided an accurate (with no errors) and faster way to generate CPR cards compared to the manual method.

Obese people are susceptible to health complications and diseases, such as cardiovascular disorders, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, osteoarthritis, gallstone, hypoxia, certain cancers and even mental and intellectual and disabilities. Bariatric surgery is a prevalent weight loss approach, predominantly in situations where prior efforts towards weight reduction proved ineffective. It engages a modification in the digestive system by limiting food consumption, leading to decreased stomach capacity and physiological ability for nutrient absorption. Since obesity associates with morbidity, the pre, intra and post-operative care and post-discharge rehabilitation comprise key determining factors for a successful bariatric surgery. The process may involve short- and long-term recuperation in nursing homes and hospitals, which accord significant impact on patient’s well-being and psychology. Nursing care for these individuals with unique physiological and emotional problems is often an arduous task, requiring environmental modifications, mobility training facilities and bariatric program and care-related equipment. Special attention is required from nursing professionals towards minimum fall and injury, management of related problems, including arterial venous insufficiency, neuropathic ulcers, seromas, anastomotic leaks, abdominal wound dehiscence and post-surgery complications, together with increased hygiene and skin care. Through an interdisciplinary approach, regular monitoring of diet, nutritional parameters, including weight change, Body Mass Index, energy and protein requirement, medication, clinical complications, functional mobility, psychosocial issues, etc. can be essential. Overall, the current review enlightens the importance of bariatric surgery, and particularly offers critical assessment of nursing care systems and specialized rehabilitation services addressing physical and mental health care in obese and post-operative patients.

Background: The objective of this study was to compare the cost of outpatient ferric carboxymaltose (FCM; Ferinject®) versus Iron sucrose complex (ISC; Ferosac®), two prevalent intravenous iron therapy used in the treatment of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) from a tertiary care hospital perspective.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed for all patients who were administered FCM in the outpatient clinical setting at Prince Sultan Military Medical City from January 1, 2019, until December 31, 2019. The descriptive data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2019 (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA). The total cost of treatment reflected the cost of drugs, the cost of disposables for each infusion, drug monitoring costs during infusion, the cost of productivity loss, and patient traveling cost.

Result: Overall, 993 patients with IDA, treated with FCM in 1,688 outpatient visits were recruited in the study. In the outpatient setting, the per annum cost of treatment was SAR 1,434,092.50 with FCM treatment and SAR 1,715,299.70 with ISC treatment, with a corresponding saving of 16.4% (SAR 281,207.20) with FCM. The cost savings with FCM treatment can be attributed to the reduced frequency of patient visits and corresponding reduction in drug monitoring costs (SAR 266,995.20;77.3%), loss of productivity per year (SAR 163,550.20; 77.3%), and cost of transportation per year (SAR 573,920.00; 77.3%).

Conclusion: The use of FCM, as opposed to ISC resulted in a reduced number of iron infusions (4.4 visits for ISC as compared to one visit for FCM), accompanied by a reduction in the total cost. FCM may represent a cost-saving option compared with the existing alternative therapy used for the management of IDA in KSA.

Background
The purpose of the meta-analysis was to evaluate and contrast Chinese herbal medicine's effectiveness as a supplement to conventional treatment for diabetic foot ulcers.
Methods
The results of this meta-analysis were analyzed using dichotomous or contentious random or fixed effect models, and the odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) with 95% CIs were calculated. 1140 individuals with diabetic foot ulcers were included in the 17 exams that were enlisted for the current meta-analysis, which ran from 2006 to 2021.
Results
When compared to standard treatment, Chinese herbal medicine significantly increased the overall effective rate (OR, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.89-4.07, p<0.001), reduced the size of the wound after treatment (MD, -2.44; 95% CI, -3.46- -1.43, p<0.001), decreased the number of patients who did not improve (OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.15-0.45, p<0.001), and shortened the time it took for diabetic foot ulcers to heal (MD, -10.46; 95% CI, -14.91- -6.37, p<0.001). The number of patients who experienced a 30% or greater decrease in the ulcer area of their diabetic foot ulcer did not, however, differ significantly between Chinese herbal medicine and standard treatment (OR, 2.69; 95% CI, 0.70-10.30, p=0.15).
Conclusions
According to the data analyzed, Chinese herbal medicine had a significantly higher overall effective rate, a smaller post-treatment wound, fewer patients who did not improve, and a shorter healing period for diabetic wound ulcers. However, there were no appreciable differences in the number of patients who experienced ulcer area reductions of 30% or more when compared to standard treatment for diabetic foot ulcers. However, given the majority of the chosen tests had small sample sizes and certain comparisons had few chosen studies, care should be taken when connecting to its values.

Every academic institution is shaken by the recent development of Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer, and although we still don't fully grasp all of its potential and hazards, it is worthwhile to offer some first analysis. Academic prospects for Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer are unparalleled because of its remarkable human-like skills, which outperform the majority of recently released tools. Over the past few months, Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer has received extraordinary interest from the news and academic community (as of 23/02/2023, there were 650,000,000 results in a Google search for the term). Since it is unlikely that the chatbot was designed with the intention of serving as a stand-in for academic writing, its use in academic writing is a byproduct of clever artificial intelligence. If given the chance, students everywhere would find a way around assessments, thus we are all worried that some students would take advantage of it despite its advantages. Although there isn't now a problem involving assessment integrity in academics, it is impossible to overlook the development of powerful artificial intelligence and tools that could facilitate cheating. Some of us think that the use of Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer in assessments has some epistemic consequences; yet, these risks do not indicate that we will give up. Although we now know that certain university programs—like management studies and information technology—have a higher risk of academic dishonesty, educators are not new to the practice; rather, they are still learning about Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer. I don't see any strong arguments in favor of allowing its usage in assessments, even though it is unavoidable in certain academic contexts. Instead than teaching students to "copy and paste," they teach them to "think and write critically." Therefore, the fact that Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer passed the MBA and medical school exams should raise red flags.

Background

We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the eosinophil counts in the small intestine and colon of children without obvious gastrointestinal disease.

There are now a variety of viewpoints on eosinophil counts in the small intestine and colon of children without obvious gastrointestinal disease, and there are not many thorough assessments that are pertinent.

Methods

A systematic literature search up to July 2022 was performed and 2378 related studies were evaluated. The chosen studies comprised 1800 children without obvious gastrointestinal disease participated in the selected studies' baseline trials; 607 of them were colonic eosinophilia, while 1193 were normal. Odds ratio (OR), and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the eosinophil counts in the small intestine and colon of children without obvious gastrointestinal disease by the dichotomous, and contentious methods with a random or fixed effect model.

Results

The colonic eosinophilia resulted in significantly higher cell counts in the duodenum and terminal ileum (MD, 9.66; 95% CI, 6.50-12.81, p<0.001) compared to the normal for children without obvious gastrointestinal disease.

However, no significant difference was found between colonic eosinophilia and normal for children without obvious gastrointestinal disease in cell counts in the large intestine and the rectum (MD, 13.25; 95% CI, 0.17-26.33, p=0.05).

Conclusions

The colonic eosinophilia resulted-in-significantly-higher-cell-counts-in-the-duodenum-and-terminal-ileum,-however,-no-significant-difference-was-found-in-cell-counts-in-the-large-intestine-and-the rectum compared to the normal for children without obvious gastrointestinal disease. The small sample size of 8 studies out of 15 and the small number of studies in certain comparisons calls for care when analyzing the results.

Background:

We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the impact of gastrectomy versus endoscopic submucosal dissection for early stomach cancer.

There are-now-a-variety-of-viewpoints-on-gastrectomy-versus-endoscopic-submucosal-dissection-for-early-stomach-cancer,-and-there-are-not-many-thorough-assessments-that-are-pertinent.

Methods:

A-systematic-literature-search-up-to-July-2022-was-performed-and-2456-related-studies-were-evaluated.-The-chosen-studies-comprised-15461-early-stomach-cancer-subjects-who-participated-in-the-selected-studies'-baseline-trials;-6503-of-them-used-the-endoscopic-submucosal-dissection, while 8958 used gastrectomy. Odds ratio (OR), and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the effect of the gastrectomy versus endoscopic submucosal dissection for early stomach cancer by the dichotomous, and contentious methods with a random or fixed effect model.

Results:

The use of endoscopic submucosal dissection resulted in significantly lower 5-year overall survivals (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.45-0.77, p<0.001), lower the 5-year overall survival in propensity score-matched patients (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.41-0.59, p<0.001), higher recurrences (OR, 6.99; 95% CI, 5,03-9.70, p<0.001), and higher synchronous lesion (OR, 7.24; 95% CI, 2.78-18.83, p<0.001), and higher metachronous lesion (OR,10.05; 95% CI, 6.44-15.67, p<0.001) compared to the gastrectomy for early stomach cancer.

However, no significant difference was found between submucosal dissection and gastrectomy for early stomach cancer in recurrence-free survival (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.54-1.00, p=0.05), disease-free survival (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.16-1.16, p=0.10), and disease-specific survival (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.38-2.89, p=0.92).

Conclusions:

The use of endoscopic submucosal dissection resulted in significantly lower 5-year overall survival, lower 5-year overall survival in propensity score-matched patients, higher recurrences, higher-synchronous lesion, and higher metachronous lesion, however, no significant difference was found in recurrence-free survival, disease-free survival, and disease-specific survival compared to the gastrectomy for early stomach cancer. The small number of studies in several comparisons calls for care when analyzing the results.

Background:

A meta-analysis investigation was executed to measure the wound complications (WCs) frequency in minor technique gastrectomy (MTG) compared to open gastrectomy (OG) for gastric cancer (GC) .

Methods:

A comprehensive literature inspection until February 2023 was applied and 2078 interrelated investigations were reviewed. The 17 chosen investigations enclosed 12746 individuals with GC were in the chosen investigations' starting point, 3052 of them were utilizing robotic gastrectomy (RG) , 6603 of them were utilizing laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) and 3091 were utilizing OG. Odds ratio (OR) in addition to 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to compute the value of the WCs frequency in MTG compared to OG for GC by the dichotomous approaches and a fixed or random model.

Results:

No significant difference was found in surgical site wound infection (SSWI) between RG and OG (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 0.89-2.35, p=0.13), LG and OG (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.47-1.18 , p=0.21), and RG and LG (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.72-1.60, p=0.73) in individuals with GC .

Conclusions:

No significant difference was found in SSWI between RG , OG , and LG in individuals with GC . However, care must be exercised when dealing with its values ​​because of the low number of nominated in the meta-analysis and the low sample size of some of the nominated investigations for the meta-analysis.