Backgrounds:

This study aims to determine the relation between ABO and RhD and the prevalence and severity of COVID-19 disease.

Methods:

Data of 495 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients admitted to hospitals were collected. The ABO and RhD were determined for each patient to detect any possible relation between the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and each blood group. The patients were followed up to determine oxygen saturation and surveillance outcome (died or improved) to detect any possible relation between the severity of COVID-19 disease and each blood group.

Results:

A+ blood group was found to have a percentage of 32.3%, O+ to have a percentage of 30.3%, B+ to have a percentage of 21.2%, and AB+ to have a percentage of 10.1%. 19% of all the patients died. 20% of the dead patients were with O+ blood group, 60.5% were with A+ blood group, 10% with B+ blood group and 5% were with O- blood group.

The mean ± SD oxygen saturation on hospital admission was 94.2 ± 6.2% for the patients with O+ blood group, 91.06 ± 7.5% for the patients with A+ blood group, 92.8 ± 6.9% for the patients with B+ blood group, 93.4 ± 3.5% for the patients with AB+ blood group, and 94.5 ± 5.9% for the patients with O- blood group.

Conclusion:

Blood group A+ was the most common in the COVID-19 patients followed by O+ then B+ then AB+. Patients with blood group A+ had the worst oxygen saturation at hospital admission and had a higher mortality rate.

Backgroungs

Microemulsion is a clear thermodynamically stable dispersion of two immiscible liquids with carefully adjusted emulsifier(s). It can be used as a vehicle for many different drugs and dosage forms.

Methods

To formulate a microemulsion for topical use from cheap components a pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed with formulae consisting of paraffin oil, cosurfactant (sorbitol or glycerol), surfactant (Brij97) and water. The existence of microemulsion regions was demonstrated.

Indomethacin was added to the best formulae, which produce microemulsions in gel form and evaluating them for their physical characters, release rate, physical and chemical stability and Pharmacodynamic.

Results

Fifty five formulae produce stable microemulsions in gel form. On incorporation of indomethacin only four formulae remain stable, clear formulae. They were used for further studies. Their order of drug release rate was first order. The four formulae were stable when stored at room temperature, or under stress. Shelf life of them would be minimum of 492 days and maximum of 712 days.

Indomethacin significantly inhibits edema, induced in rat paw by different percentage. Effect of the prepared microemulsions were between the effect of commercial injection form, highest effect, and commercial topical form, lowest effect.

Conclusions

The microemulsion formulae prepared with paraffin oil, brij97, sorbitol or glycerol and water showed acceptable physical properties, drug release, stability and Pharmacodynamic effect.

Anthracyclines are a crucial component of chemotherapy regimens used to treat a range of malignancies in children and adults. However, cardiac dysfunction and heart failure frequently limit the therapeutic efficacy of anthracyclines. The risk of heart dysfunction increases with increasing doses of anthracycline. Cardiotoxicity is a challenging side effect of DOX, which is cumulative and irreversible; this necessitates assessing the cardiac functions in cancer patients before and after the use of    DOX to avoid permanent cardiac damage. Serial measurements of left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) are commonly used for cardiac monitoring during anthracycline treatment. In some studies, cardiotoxicity was defined as LVEF decrease by an absolute 10% and/or below 55%; in others, cardiotoxicity was defined as a decrease below 45%. A serious disadvantage of this test is radioactivity exposure and the low predictability of pre-symptomatic cardiac damage. Blood cardiac biomarkers, such as cardiac troponins and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), have been used in heart failure diagnostics. Susceptibility to DOX cardiotoxicity is largely individual, with some patients developing cardiomyopathy at low doses and others tolerating much higher cumulative doses, and this may suggest the presence of genetic predisposition factors. Genetic variations in CBR3 and ABCC1 genes were suggested to contribute to DOX adverse effects. This review highlights the genetic basis for anthracycline-related cardiac dysfunction, focuses on particular genes that have been implicated in innate predisposition to ACT, and assessment of cardiotoxicity.

Every academic institution is shaken by the recent development of Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer, and although we still don't fully grasp all of its potential and hazards, it is worthwhile to offer some first analysis. Academic prospects for Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer are unparalleled because of its remarkable human-like skills, which outperform the majority of recently released tools. Over the past few months, Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer has received extraordinary interest from the news and academic community (as of 23/02/2023, there were 650,000,000 results in a Google search for the term). Since it is unlikely that the chatbot was designed with the intention of serving as a stand-in for academic writing, its use in academic writing is a byproduct of clever artificial intelligence. If given the chance, students everywhere would find a way around assessments, thus we are all worried that some students would take advantage of it despite its advantages. Although there isn't now a problem involving assessment integrity in academics, it is impossible to overlook the development of powerful artificial intelligence and tools that could facilitate cheating. Some of us think that the use of Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer in assessments has some epistemic consequences; yet, these risks do not indicate that we will give up. Although we now know that certain university programs—like management studies and information technology—have a higher risk of academic dishonesty, educators are not new to the practice; rather, they are still learning about Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer. I don't see any strong arguments in favor of allowing its usage in assessments, even though it is unavoidable in certain academic contexts. Instead than teaching students to "copy and paste," they teach them to "think and write critically." Therefore, the fact that Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer passed the MBA and medical school exams should raise red flags.

An artificial intelligence-driven Chatbot called Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer, created by Open artificial intelligence, is making waves in many industries. Its foundation in the Generative Pre-trained Transformer language model is where its name originates. The most promising aspect of Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer is that, compared to other artificial intelligence models, it can provide responses to text input that are almost human-like through the use of deep learning techniques. The public's increasing reliance on artificial intelligence technology is indicated by its quick integration across a range of businesses. Therefore, it is crucial to assess Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer's possible effects on clinical and translational medicine research in academic settings seriously.

Worldwide, medical education has been impacted by the coronavirus pandemic. As academic institutions endeavor to impart medical knowledge through innovative approaches, this ongoing education guarantees the future workforce of the National Health Service (NHS) is well-versed. When developing new medical curriculum, innovative approaches to online instruction and online delivery of practical skills to medical students should be taken into account.

Background: Meta-analysis research was implemented to appraise the effect of resident participation (RP) in ophthalmic surgery (OS) on wound dehiscence (WD). Methods: Inclusive literature research until April 2023 was done, and 645 interconnected researches were revised. The 7 picked researches, enclosed 4224 OS persons were in the utilized researchers' starting point, 2189 of them were utilizing RP, and 2035 were no RP. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were utilized to appraise the consequence of RP in OS on WD by the dichotomous approach and a fixed or random model. Results: RP had significantly higher WD (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.04-2.76, p=0.03) compared to no RP in OS persons. Conclusions: RP had significantly higher WD compared to no RP in OS persons. However, caution needs to be taken when interacting with its values since there was a low sample size of some of the chosen researches and a low number of researches found for the comparison in the meta-analysis.

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus, now named as SARS-CoV-2, caused a series of acute atypical respiratory diseases in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The disease caused by this virus was termed COVID-19. The virus is transmittable between humans and has caused pandemic worldwide. The number of death tolls continues to rise and a large number of countries have been forced to do social distancing and lockdown. Lack of targeted therapy continues to be a problem. Epidemiological studies showed that elder patients were more susceptible to severe diseases, while children tend to have milder symptoms. Here we reviewed the current knowledge about this disease and considered the potential explanation of the different symptomatology between children and adults.

Background:

The aim of this work is to demonstrate the importance of physical activity for human health. The aim of the work is to sensitize pupils of this age to the importance of physical activity. The most important factor for the realization of physical activity is the muscles.

Methods:

Precisely for this reason, we tried to explain to young people of this age that physical activity is primary. We also showed what role the muscles play in the execution of movement. We were talking about the skeletal muscles, which are the only voluntary muscles of the body.

Results:

Physical activity is not only of great importance for the body's muscle tone, but also affects all other systems of the body, especially the nervous system, respiration, blood circulation, nervous system, etc.

Conclusions:

The introduction of a culture of physical activity has a great and direct impact on health. The purpose of this paper is to influence the adoption of a culture of physical activity as a major factor in good health, even if only to a small extent.

After breast surgery, wound complications are not uncommon. In patients with breast cancer, delayed wound healing may cause poor cosmesis and postpone the start of adjuvant therapy. Since there is now disagreement about the use of preventive negative pressure dressings in closed wounds following breast surgery, the goal of our research was to examine the literature regarding the usefulness of negative pressure wound management in oncoplastic breast surgery.

Background:

A meta-analysis study to assess the prevalence of wound infection (WI) following right anterolateral thoracotomy (RAT) and median sternotomy (MS) for resection of benign atrial masses (BAM) that induce heart failure, arrhythmia, or thromboembolic events.

Methods:

A comprehensive literature examination till February 2023 was implemented and 296 linked studies were appraised. The 4 picked studies contained 206 subjects with BAM that induce heart failure, arrhythmia, or thromboembolic events in the picked studies' baseline, 116 of them were using RAT, and 90 were using MS. Odds ratio (OR) in addition to 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to calculate the consequence of the prevalence of WI following RAT and MS for resection of BAM that induces heart failure, arrhythmia, or thromboembolic events by the dichotomous and continuous styles and a fixed or random model.

Results:

No significant difference was observed between RAT and MS in postoperative surgical site WI (OR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.02-1.77, p=0.14) with no heterogeneity (I² = 0%) in subjects with BAM that induce heart failure, arrhythmia, or thromboembolic events.

Conclusions:

No significant difference was observed between RAT and MS in postoperative surgical site WI in subjects with BAM that induce heart failure, arrhythmia, or thromboembolic events though precautions should be taken when commerce with the consequences since a low number of selected studies was picked for comparisons in this meta-analysis and all the selected studies were with low sample size.

Background:

To increase the public's acceptance of the vaccine, knowledge of its side effects is crucial. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify side effects in the Saudi population following vaccinations with Pfizer BioNTech and AstraZeneca.

Method:

In Saudi Arabia, an online survey was conducted between March and October of 2021. Participants from Saudi Arabia who received two doses of the Pfizer BioNTech or AstraZeneca vaccine took part. The survey identified side effects following vaccinations.

Results:

AstraZeneca and Pfizer BioNTech administered vaccines to 174 and 224 of the 398 subjects, respectively. Fatigue (83.9%), local pain (78.2%), bone or joint pain (74.1%), fever (67.8%), vomiting or loss of appetite (24.1%), swelling (24.1%), and redness (21.8%) were the most commonly reported side effects for participants who took AstraZeneca. 

For the participants who received Pfizer BioNTech, the most common adverse effects that were reported were fatigue (43.8%), bone or joint pain (38.4%), swelling (28.6%), fever (22.8%), redness (15.1%), and nausea or vomiting (11.2%). Local pain accounted for 90.6% of the adverse effects that participants reported.

Conclusions:

After receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, the majority of participants reported experiencing at least one side effect. Whereas the AstraZeneca vaccination was linked to a higher prevalence of systemic side effects, the Pfizer BioNTech vaccination was linked to a higher prevalence of local adverse effects. Most adverse events following vaccination are not fatal. After receiving an AstraZeneca or Pfizer BioNTech vaccination, side effects were more common in women and younger age groups. Vaccinations against coronavirus have a good safety record.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of death and disability worldwide. Major and well-established cardiovascular disease risk factors include advancing age, male sex, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, elevated total serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Genetic polymorphism represents an additional risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is not explored and researched thoroughly. In this review article, a total of 31 scientific articles studying the association between different genetic polymorphisms and the risk of cardiovascular disease were studied. Different genetic polymorphisms were found to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease incidence, and genotyping of these different genetic polymorphisms should be considered as routine screening for cardiovascular disease.

Background: 

The world is facing a terrible challenge to overcome the COVID-19 global outbreak. The spread of COVID-19 pandemic disease has put global health, life and work style, social and economic growth at high risk. The current study was aimed at extracting COVID-19 related information, attitudes and behaviors commitment level from the general population and healthcare workers in the central region of Egypt.

Method: 

A cross-sectional online survey of 1312 Egyptian residents was conducted between 11^th May and 15^th June 2020. A questionnaire containing 28 knowledge and 56 attitude items was completed by all the participants. Stratified random sampling was applied to select the study participants. In this analysis, data was collected using a questionnaire that was developed and validated. The questionnaire included demographic variables and items relating to COVID-19 awareness, attitudes and practices. Descriptive and inferential experiments were carried out.

Results: 

In total, 1312 participants completed the questionnaire; 80.2% of the participants have good knowledge about different modes of transmission of COVID-19, 5.6% obtain their knowledge from WHO website and 60.5% from multiple sources. The results showed positive attitude from the participants towards COVID-19 protective measures as 81.0% wearing masks, 85.2% washing their hands, 76.6% using alcohol and hand gel hygiene, and 64.5% using surface disinfectants.

Conclusion: 

The findings highlight the value of clear communications from health authorities and the government, as well as the need for targeted health education programs to promote awareness, behaviors and practice levels.

Abstract:

Background:

As a result of the availability of high-speed computing devices, disease screening procedures in modern hospitals have significantly improved over the last few decades. As a result of this invention of deep learning procedures (DP), this work implemented modern diagnostic schemes to achieve accurate and fast results when screening patients for diseases with the aid of medical data.

Method:

This study applied pre-trained DP to detect Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFU) from the test images. This work consists following stages; (i) Resizing, augmenting, and enhancing images, (ii) deep-features mining with a chosen DP, (iii) features reduction using 50% dropout and serial features-fusion, and (iv) Binary-classification through five-fold cross-validation. Two types of disease detection procedures implemented during the investigation: (a) Conventional deep-features and (b) fused deep-features (FD).

Result:

As a result of this study, the FD obtained with VGG16 and ResNet101 enabled 99.5% accuracy in DFU detection using SoftMax classifier.

Conclusion:

This demonstration confirmed that the proposed scheme is effective in detecting DFU from the chosen database.

Background:

The objective of this research endeavor was to assess the effects of rosiglitazone (RSG) and ursolic acid (UA) on hepatic insulin signaling indicators and inflammatory marker concentrations in C57/BL/6J mice that were provided with a high-fat diet (HFD).

Methods:

C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD for 16 weeks and orally administered UA (5 mg/kg BW), RSG (4 mg/kg BW), and UA (5 mg/kg BW) + RSG (4 mg/kg BW) for the last 6 weeks.

Results:

The HFD groups showed a significant increase in leptin, TNF-α, and IL-6, whereas adiponection level significantly decreased. The expression of insulin signaling markers in the liver also significantly increased in HFD mice.

Conclusions:

Combination treatment improves above said parameters than individual parameters. These data suggest that combination treatment (UA with RSG) has potential benefits for the treatment of HFD-induced insulin resistance, and its effects may be associated with improvements in the inhibition of the expression of inflammatory markers in plasma and liver.

Background:

We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the impact of gastrectomy versus endoscopic submucosal dissection for early stomach cancer.

There are-now-a-variety-of-viewpoints-on-gastrectomy-versus-endoscopic-submucosal-dissection-for-early-stomach-cancer,-and-there-are-not-many-thorough-assessments-that-are-pertinent.

Methods:

A-systematic-literature-search-up-to-July-2022-was-performed-and-2456-related-studies-were-evaluated.-The-chosen-studies-comprised-15461-early-stomach-cancer-subjects-who-participated-in-the-selected-studies'-baseline-trials;-6503-of-them-used-the-endoscopic-submucosal-dissection, while 8958 used gastrectomy. Odds ratio (OR), and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the effect of the gastrectomy versus endoscopic submucosal dissection for early stomach cancer by the dichotomous, and contentious methods with a random or fixed effect model.

Results:

The use of endoscopic submucosal dissection resulted in significantly lower 5-year overall survivals (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.45-0.77, p<0.001), lower the 5-year overall survival in propensity score-matched patients (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.41-0.59, p<0.001), higher recurrences (OR, 6.99; 95% CI, 5,03-9.70, p<0.001), and higher synchronous lesion (OR, 7.24; 95% CI, 2.78-18.83, p<0.001), and higher metachronous lesion (OR,10.05; 95% CI, 6.44-15.67, p<0.001) compared to the gastrectomy for early stomach cancer.

However, no significant difference was found between submucosal dissection and gastrectomy for early stomach cancer in recurrence-free survival (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.54-1.00, p=0.05), disease-free survival (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.16-1.16, p=0.10), and disease-specific survival (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.38-2.89, p=0.92).

Conclusions:

The use of endoscopic submucosal dissection resulted in significantly lower 5-year overall survival, lower 5-year overall survival in propensity score-matched patients, higher recurrences, higher-synchronous lesion, and higher metachronous lesion, however, no significant difference was found in recurrence-free survival, disease-free survival, and disease-specific survival compared to the gastrectomy for early stomach cancer. The small number of studies in several comparisons calls for care when analyzing the results.

Background:

A meta-analysis investigation was executed to measure the wound complications (WCs) frequency in minor technique gastrectomy (MTG) compared to open gastrectomy (OG) for gastric cancer (GC) .

Methods:

A comprehensive literature inspection until February 2023 was applied and 2078 interrelated investigations were reviewed. The 17 chosen investigations enclosed 12746 individuals with GC were in the chosen investigations' starting point, 3052 of them were utilizing robotic gastrectomy (RG) , 6603 of them were utilizing laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) and 3091 were utilizing OG. Odds ratio (OR) in addition to 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to compute the value of the WCs frequency in MTG compared to OG for GC by the dichotomous approaches and a fixed or random model.

Results:

No significant difference was found in surgical site wound infection (SSWI) between RG and OG (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 0.89-2.35, p=0.13), LG and OG (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.47-1.18 , p=0.21), and RG and LG (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.72-1.60, p=0.73) in individuals with GC .

Conclusions:

No significant difference was found in SSWI between RG , OG , and LG in individuals with GC . However, care must be exercised when dealing with its values ​​because of the low number of nominated in the meta-analysis and the low sample size of some of the nominated investigations for the meta-analysis.

Background

We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of neuraxial anesthesia compared to general anesthesia on postoperative results in hip fracture surgery subjects.

Methods

A systematic literature search up to January 2021 was done and 20 studies included 298785 subjects with hip fracture surgery at the start of the study; 80783 of them were under neuraxial anesthesia, and 218002 of them were under general anesthesia. They were reporting relationships between the effects of neuraxial anesthesia compared to general anesthesia in subjects with hip fracture surgery. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) or the mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the effects of neuraxial anesthesia compared to general anesthesia in subjects with hip fracture surgery using the dichotomous or continuous method with a random or fixed-effect model.

Results

Neuraxial anesthesia in subjects with hip fracture surgery was significantly related to lower acute myocardial infarction (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.54-0.99, p=0.04), hypotension (OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.20-0.70, p=0.002), and postoperative cognitive dysfunction postoperative 1day (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.17-0.42, p<0.001) compared to general anesthesia.

However, no significant difference was found between neuraxial anesthesia and general anesthesia in subjects with hip fracture surgery in a postoperative cognitive dysfunction postoperative 7days (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.37-1.09, p=0.10), pneumonia (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.29-1.62, p=0.39), length of hospital stay (MD, 0.75; 95% CI, -1.39-2.90, p=0.49),  deep venous thrombosis (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.50-2.95, p=0.68), 30-day mortality (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.53-2.34, p=0.77), blood loss (MD, -57.47; 95% CI, -123.36-8.41, p=0.09), and delirium (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.32-2.49, p=0.96).

Conclusions

Neuraxial anesthesia in subjects with hip fracture surgery may decrease the risk of acute myocardial infarction, hypotension, and postoperative cognitive dysfunction postoperative 1 day compared to general anesthesia. Furthers studies are required to validate these findings.

Background:

We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of dual antithrombotic treatment (DATT) including direct oral anticoagulants (OAs) versus triple antithrombotic (TAT) with vitamin K antagonist on bleeding and ischemic results in atrial fibrillation (AF) after percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods:

A systematic literature search up to April 2021 was done and 5 studies included 8019 subjects with AF using antithrombotic treatment after percutaneous coronary intervention at the start of the study; 4325 of them were using DATT and 3694 were using TATs. They were reporting relationships between the effects of DATT including direct OAs versus TAT with vitamin K antagonist on bleeding and ischemic results in AF after percutaneous coronary intervention. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the effects of DATT including direct OAs versus TAT with vitamin K antagonist on bleeding and ischemic results in AF after percutaneous coronary intervention using the dichotomous method with a random or fixed-effect model.

Results:

Dual antithrombotics had significantly lower major bleeding (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.51-0.66, p<0.001), and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction major and minor bleeding (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.36-0.67, p<0.001) compared to TATs in subjects with AF using antithrombotics treatment after percutaneous coronary intervention.

However, antithrombotics had no significantly difference in all-cause mortality (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.88-1.33, p=0.46), cardiovascular mortality (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.83-1.38, p=0.63), myocardial infarction (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.92-1.46, p=0.01), stent thrombosis (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.94-2.12., p=0.09), and stroke (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.59-1.25, p=0.42) compared to TATs in subjects with AF using antithrombotics treatment after percutaneous coronary intervention.

Conclusions:

Dual antithrombotics may have a lower risk of major bleeding, and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction major and minor bleeding compared to TATs in subjects with AF using antithrombotic treatment after percutaneous coronary intervention. However, antithrombotics had no significant difference in all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, and stroke compared to TATs in subjects with AF using antithrombotics treatment after percutaneous coronary intervention. Furthers studies are required to validate these findings.